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References:

1. My discussion on free will with Alex O’Connor (Cosmic Skeptic): https://youtu.be/lks1MfZ8gQU

2. Harris S, 2012. Free Will: https://www.samharris.org/free-will

3. An excellent lecture on free will by Sam Harris: https://youtu.be/aCxyVjUpaqk

4. Libet B, 1983. “The onset of cerebral activity clearly preceded by at least several hundred milliseconds the reported time of conscious intention to act.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6640273

5. Soon CS, 2008. “We found that the outcome of a decision can be encoded in brain activity of prefrontal and parietal cortex up to 10 s before it enters awareness. This delay presumably reflects the operation of a network of high-level control areas that begin to prepare an upcoming decision long before it enters awareness.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18408715

6. Bode S, 2011. “We demonstrated using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) that the outcome of free decisions can be decoded from brain activity several seconds before reaching conscious awareness.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3124546/

7. Fried I, 2011. “We report progressive neuronal recruitment over ∼1500 ms before subjects report making the decision to move.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21315264

8. Tokdemir M, 2009. “Depressed zinc levels increase copper levels, and elevated copper levels lead to hyperactivity and schizophrenia.” http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01485010390219746

9. Nahla Hwalla, 2017. “The WHO identifies particularly deficient and/or inadequate intakes or status of calcium, iodine, iron, and zinc as well as vitamin A, vitamin D, and folate as commonly reported by many countries in the Middle East.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5372892/

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As always, thank you kindly for the view, and I hope that this video helps you respond to those who assert that we have free will. Stay rational my fellow apes.

(From Youtube)